CODEBOOK: state_bm_contributions_controls Dataset

Dataset: state_bm_contributions_controls
Description: Individual and organizational contributions to direct democracy campaigns with demographic and geographic control variables

================================================================================

VARIABLE DESCRIPTIONS

1. year
   Variable Name: year
   Description: Year of the ballot measure election
   Data Type: Numeric
   Values: Year values (e.g., 2016, 2018, 2020, etc.)
   Source: State campaign finance databases

2. bm_state
   Variable Name: bm_state
   Description: State where the ballot measure appeared (two-letter abbreviation)
   Data Type: Character/String
   Values: Two-letter state codes (e.g., "SD", "CA", "FL", etc.)
   Source: State campaign finance databases

3. ballot_measure
   Variable Name: ballot_measure
   Description: Official designation or name of the ballot measure
   Data Type: Character/String
   Values: Ballot measure names/numbers (e.g., "AMENDMENT T", "Proposition 1", etc.)
   Source: State campaign finance databases

4. committee_name
   Variable Name: committee_name
   Description: Name of the committee that received the contribution
   Data Type: Character/String
   Values: Committee names (e.g., "#SDRTTHING2DO", etc.)
   Source: State campaign finance databases

5. status
   Variable Name: status
   Description: Electoral outcome of the ballot measure
   Data Type: Character/String
   Values: "PASSED", "FAILED"
   Source: State election results

6. description
   Variable Name: description
   Description: Brief description of the ballot measure's subject matter
   Data Type: Character/String
   Values: Description text (e.g., "Legislative Redistricting", etc.)
   Source: State ballot measure descriptions

7. contributor_name
   Variable Name: contributor_name
   Description: Name of the individual or organization making the contribution
   Data Type: Character/String
   Values: Contributor names (e.g., "sdea nea", "sd farmers union", etc.)
   Source: State campaign finance databases

8. city
   Variable Name: city
   Description: City of contributor's address
   Data Type: Character/String
   Values: City names (e.g., "PIERRE", "HURON", "SIOUX FALLS") or NULL for missing data
   Source: State campaign finance databases

9. state
   Variable Name: state
   Description: State of contributor's address (two-letter abbreviation)
   Data Type: Character/String
   Values: Two-letter state codes (e.g., "SD", "CA", etc.) or NULL for missing data
   Source: State campaign finance databases

10. zipcode
    Variable Name: zipcode
    Description: ZIP code of contributor's address
    Data Type: Character/String
    Values: 5-digit ZIP codes (e.g., "57501", "57350") or NULL for missing data; 
            some values formatted as "0NULL" for missing/invalid entries
    Source: State campaign finance databases

11. amount
    Variable Name: amount
    Description: Dollar amount of the individual contribution
    Data Type: Numeric
    Values: Dollar amounts (e.g., 2000.00, 148941.14, 611.52, etc.)
    Units: U.S. Dollars
    Source: State campaign finance databases

12. total
    Variable Name: total
    Description: Total amount raised by the committee
    Data Type: Numeric
    Values: Dollar amounts (e.g., 335338.43, etc.)
    Units: U.S. Dollars
    Source: State campaign finance databases

13. date
    Variable Name: date
    Description: Date the contribution was made
    Data Type: Date/Character
    Values: Date values or NULL for missing data; some formatted as "0000-00-00" for invalid dates
    Format: Various date formats or NULL
    Source: State campaign finance databases

14. position
    Variable Name: position
    Description: Committee's position on the ballot measure
    Data Type: Character/String
    Values: "Support", "Oppose"
    Source: State campaign finance databases

15. committee_ID
    Variable Name: committee_ID
    Description: Unique identifier for the committee
    Data Type: Numeric
    Values: Numeric ID codes (e.g., 39762330, etc.)
    Source: State campaign finance databases

16. subject
    Variable Name: subject
    Description: General subject category of the ballot measure
    Data Type: Character/String
    Values: Subject categories (e.g., "Re-districting-Legislative", etc.)
    Source: Coding based on FollowTheMoney coding scheme

17. sub_narrow
    Variable Name: sub_narrow
    Description: More specific categorization of contributor type or industry
    Data Type: Character/String
    Values: Industry/sector categories (e.g., "Labor", "Agriculture", "Uncoded", "Unitemized Contributions")
    Source: Author coding based on contributor information

18. EntityType
    Variable Name: EntityType
    Description: Classification of contributor as individual or organizational entity
    Data Type: Character/String
    Values: "Individual", "Non-Individual", "Other"
    Source: State campaign finance databases

19. is_bordering
    Variable Name: is_bordering
    Description: Indicates whether contributor's state borders the ballot measure state
    Data Type: Logical/Boolean
    Values: TRUE, FALSE
    Source: Author coding based on geographic adjacency

20. population
    Variable Name: population
    Description: Population of the ballot measure state
    Data Type: Numeric
    Values: Population counts (e.g., 863693 for South Dakota)
    Units: Number of residents
    Source: U.S. Census Bureau

21. dd_state
    Variable Name: dd_state
    Description: Binary indicator for whether the contributor's state allows direct democracy
    Data Type: Numeric
    Values: 0 (no direct democracy), 1 (direct democracy allowed)
    Source: Author coding based on state constitutional provisions

22. income
    Variable Name: income
    Description: Median household income of contributor's ZIP code area
    Data Type: Numeric
    Values: Dollar amounts (e.g., 59375, 47043, 53702) or *NA* for missing data
    Units: U.S. Dollars
    Source: U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey

23. is_out_of_state
    Variable Name: is_out_of_state
    Description: Binary indicator for whether contributor is from outside the ballot measure state
    Data Type: Numeric
    Values: 0 (in-state contributor), 1 (out-of-state contributor)
    Source: Author coding based on contributor and ballot measure state comparison

24. subject_narrowed
    Variable Name: subject_narrowed
    Description: Refined categorization of ballot measure subject matter
    Data Type: Character/String
    Values: Subject categories (e.g., "Government Operations", etc.)
    Source: Author coding based on detailed ballot measure analysis

================================================================================

DATA SOURCES AND CITATIONS

1. State Campaign Finance Databases: Individual state disclosure databases as listed in dd_threshold dataset
2. State Election Results: Official state election offices for ballot measure outcomes
3. State Ballot Measure Descriptions: Official state sources for ballot measure text and descriptions
4. U.S. Census Bureau: Population data and American Community Survey for income data
5. Author Coding (Supplemented by coding from FollowThe Money): Variables subject, sub_narrow is_bordering, dd_state, is_out_of_state, and subject_narrowed created through author analysis

================================================================================

NOTES

- NULL values indicate missing or unavailable data in original state databases
- *NA* values indicate missing data in Census/ACS sources
- Some ZIP codes formatted as "0NULL" indicate missing or invalid address information
- Date field may contain "0000-00-00" for invalid or missing dates
- Contributor names are as reported in original state databases (may include variations in formatting)
- Amount represents individual contribution amounts, while total represents committee totals
- Control variables (population, income, geographic indicators) added for statistical analysis
- Geographic coding based on state borders and constitutional direct democracy provisions
- Income data represents ZIP code-level median household income from American Community Survey

================================================================================

SAMPLE OBSERVATIONS

year | bm_state | contributor_name | amount    | is_out_of_state | income | subject_narrowed
-----|----------|------------------|-----------|-----------------|--------|------------------
2016 | SD       | sdea nea         | 2000.00   | 0               | 59375  | Government Operations
2016 | SD       | sd farmers union | 148941.14 | 0               | 47043  | Government Operations
2016 | SD       | raise south dakota| 611.52   | 0               | 53702  | Government Operations